KPV Chemical

REFERENCES / SOURCE REGISTER

KPV peptide references and sources.

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of these entries. Identifiers were checked at the source — PubMed and Crossref — not copied from aggregators.

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How to read this list

The references below are the studies, reviews, and FDA documents cited across KPV Chemical. Entries [1]-[16] are the peer-reviewed literature — the in-vitro, animal, and review work behind the mechanism, colitis, wound, and delivery claims. Entries [17]-[19] are the audited FDA sources behind the regulatory page. Secondary web sources frequently transpose KPV's PMIDs and DOIs, so every identifier here was verified at PubMed or Crossref before listing. Paywalled entries are still listed by their identifiers so any reader can locate the primary source.

  1. Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. ↗
  2. Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(3):324-331. ↗
  3. Getting SJ, Schiöth HB, Perretti M. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(2):631-637. ↗
  4. Brzoska T, Luger TA, Maaser C, Abels C, Bohm M. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):581-602. ↗
  5. Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, et al. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Ther. 2017;25(7):1628-1640. ↗
  6. Bonfiglio V, Camillieri G, Avitabile T, Leggio GM, Drago F. Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH(11-13) on corneal epithelial wound healing: role of nitric oxide. Exp Eye Res. 2006;83(6):1366-1372. ↗
  7. Catania A, Cutuli M, Garofalo L, et al. New insights into the functions of alpha-MSH and related peptides in the immune system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:133-140. ↗
  8. Brzoska T, Bohm M, Lugering A, Loser K, Luger TA. Alpha-MSH related peptides: a new class of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drugs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;67 Suppl 3:iii52-iii55. ↗
  9. Zhang Q, et al. Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted gamma-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021;7(10):4938-4949. ↗
  10. Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Med Sci. 2025. ↗
  11. Barcellini W, Colombo G, La Maestra L, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides inhibit HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells and in acutely infected monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;68(5):693-699. ↗
  12. Zhang D, et al. PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combination treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1442876. ↗
  13. Lin X, et al. KPV and RAPA Self-Assembled into Carrier-Free Nanodrugs for Vascular Calcification Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024. ↗
  14. Research-status synthesis: no published human clinical trials of KPV as a standalone therapeutic; the evidence base is in-vitro and animal (predominantly murine colitis) work plus reviews. Free KPV is a peptidase-labile tripeptide with no validated human pharmacokinetics. KPV is sold for laboratory research use only and is not an approved drug or dietary supplement in any major jurisdiction. (Summarized from the cited primary literature, refs 1-13, and FDA sources, refs 17-19.) ↗
  15. Ji HX, Zou YL, Duan JJ, et al. The synthetic melanocortin (CKPV)2 exerts anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects against Candida albicans vaginitis via inducing macrophage M2 polarization. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56004. ↗
  16. Zhao Y, et al. Skin-adaptive film dressing with smart-release of growth factors accelerated diabetic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;222(Pt A):1738-1748. ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. FDA.gov (entries effective 2023-09-29; verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee — agenda listing BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List. FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗